Stillwater Research

Research Articles

Preclinical research insights on peptide pharmacology, molecular mechanisms, and analytical chemistry. All content is for educational and research purposes only.

weight management 9 min read

GLP-1 Receptor Agonism: Mechanisms of Action in Metabolic Research

Explore the molecular mechanisms of GLP-1 receptor agonism including cAMP signaling, beta-cell preservation, and appetite regulation in preclinical metabolic research models.

weight management 10 min read

Dual vs Triple Incretin Receptor Agonists: A Comparative Preclinical Overview

Compare the receptor pharmacology and preclinical efficacy profiles of dual GLP-1/GIP and triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor agonists in metabolic research models.

weight management 8 min read

Amylin Receptor Pharmacology and Its Role in Satiety Research

Examine the molecular pharmacology of amylin receptors, including RAMP-dependent signaling, area postrema activation, and implications for satiety research in preclinical models.

weight management 9 min read

GIP Receptor Signaling: Beyond Glucose-Dependent Insulin Secretion

Investigate the multifaceted role of GIP receptor signaling in adipose tissue biology, bone metabolism, and CNS function beyond its classical insulinotropic actions in preclinical models.

tissue repair 10 min read

BPC-157: Mechanisms of Cytoprotection and Angiogenesis in Preclinical Models

Review the cytoprotective and angiogenic mechanisms of BPC-157, including nitric oxide system modulation, growth factor upregulation, and tissue repair pathways in preclinical research.

tissue repair 9 min read

Thymosin Beta-4 and Actin Sequestration: Implications for Tissue Repair Research

Explore the role of thymosin beta-4 in G-actin sequestration, cell migration, and tissue repair signaling pathways in preclinical research models.

tissue repair 8 min read

GHK-Cu Tripeptide: Copper-Dependent Gene Expression and Wound Healing Models

Investigate the copper-binding tripeptide GHK-Cu and its effects on gene expression modulation, collagen synthesis, and wound healing in preclinical research models.

tissue repair 8 min read

Pentadecarginine: A Novel Approach to Arginine-Based Peptide Research

Examine the molecular properties of pentadecarginine (R15), including cell-penetrating mechanisms, nitric oxide pathway involvement, and tissue repair potential in preclinical models.

growth hormone 9 min read

GHRH Analogs vs GH Secretagogues: Distinct Mechanisms of GH Axis Stimulation

Compare the receptor pharmacology and signaling mechanisms of GHRH analogs and growth hormone secretagogues in preclinical models of GH axis research.

growth hormone 8 min read

Ipamorelin Selectivity: Why Ghrelin Receptor Specificity Matters in Research

Analyze the selective GHS-R1a agonism of ipamorelin, its minimal off-target effects on cortisol and prolactin, and implications for GH axis research.

growth hormone 9 min read

The Synergistic Amplification of GH Pulses: Combining GHRH and GHRP Pathways

Investigate the synergistic mechanisms of combining GHRH analogs with growth hormone releasing peptides for amplified GH pulsatility in preclinical research models.

neuroprotection 10 min read

Melanocortin System Pharmacology: MC3R and MC4R in CNS Research

Explore the melanocortin receptor system with focus on MC3R and MC4R signaling, POMC processing, and implications for energy homeostasis and neuropeptide research.

neuroprotection 9 min read

Selank and BDNF Expression: Tuftsin-Derived Peptides in Neuroscience

Review the neuroscience of Selank, a tuftsin-derived heptapeptide, and its effects on BDNF expression, enkephalinase inhibition, and anxiolytic-like behavior in preclinical models.

neuroprotection 9 min read

Semax and Neuroprotection: ACTH Fragment Research in Ischemia Models

Examine the neuroprotective mechanisms of Semax, an ACTH(4-10) analog, including BDNF/NGF modulation and oxidative stress reduction in preclinical ischemia research models.

longevity 9 min read

Epithalon and Telomerase: Peptide-Mediated Telomere Research

Investigate the tetrapeptide Epithalon and its effects on telomerase activation, telomere elongation, and pineal gland function in preclinical aging research models.

longevity 10 min read

NAD+ Precursors and Sirtuin Activation in Aging Research Models

Explore the biochemistry of NAD+ metabolism, sirtuin-dependent signaling pathways, and the role of NAD+ precursors in preclinical aging and cellular health research.

longevity 9 min read

MOTS-c: Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides and Metabolic Regulation

Investigate MOTS-c, a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the 12S rRNA gene, and its effects on AMPK activation, metabolic regulation, and exercise mimetic properties in preclinical models.

immune modulation 9 min read

Thymosin Alpha-1: Innate and Adaptive Immune Modulation in Preclinical Studies

Review the immunomodulatory mechanisms of thymosin alpha-1, including dendritic cell maturation, T-cell differentiation, and toll-like receptor signaling in preclinical research models.

immune modulation 8 min read

KPV Tripeptide: Alpha-MSH Fragment and Anti-Inflammatory Signaling

Examine the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of KPV, a C-terminal tripeptide fragment of alpha-MSH, including NF-κB inhibition and mucosal immune modulation in preclinical models.

peptide science 11 min read

Understanding HPLC and Mass Spectrometry in Peptide Purity Analysis

A comprehensive guide to HPLC and mass spectrometry techniques used in peptide purity analysis, including method development, peak interpretation, and quality benchmarks for research-grade peptides.